U2's The Edge

Message Bookmarked
Bookmark Removed
Not all messages are displayed: show all messages (89 of them)
I think that Joy Division and The Chameleons, all before U2 invented Interpol (and probably had a big influence on U2).

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Monday, 10 July 2006 18:11 (seventeen years ago) link

I think that the indie-rock bands today are picking up more on the guitar sounds of Gang of Four, Joy Division, Television, The Stooges, The Velvet Underground and others of that period.

-- Pop Ryan (rmm33...), July 10th, 2006 2:25 AM.

I think that indie-rock bands of today are skillful about which influences (distant, semi-obscure to teh kids of today) they cite and which they keep their yaps shut about (recent, semi-familiar).

cf. all stoner bands are influenced by Sabbath; none mention Soundgarden...

rogermexico (rogermexico), Monday, 10 July 2006 18:16 (seventeen years ago) link

rogermexico: well, depending on the band, i do think this is true.

but interpol specifically does sound like joy division.

one thing i never got was why no new indie rock band sounds like Mission of Burma

(note: i am not condoning new indie bands sounding like old indie bands, but since everyone has ripped off joy division, gang of four, depeche mode, television, blondie, etc. then why hasn't MoB come up?)

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Monday, 10 July 2006 18:31 (seventeen years ago) link

Maybe the world doesn't need MoB revisionists because MoB is the one band still putting out amazing new music.

Probably already a thread on this, but thier new album, The Obliterati, is awesome.

Joshua Glazer (matthewcampari), Monday, 10 July 2006 18:40 (seventeen years ago) link

The Edge learned a few tricks from Stephen Fellows of The Comsat Angels, for certain.

There's tons of guitarists that liberally borrow from The Edge's guitar approach. I would even argue his approach on Unforgettable Fire and The Joshua Tree left an insignificant impression on a lot of shoegazers, but the Cocteau Twins and JAMC get all the credit.

Brooker Buckingham (Brooker B), Monday, 10 July 2006 20:17 (seventeen years ago) link

Actually, I'd argue that "I Will Follow" basicllay invented Interpol.

And Keith Levene invented "I Will Follow", and so on, and so forth...

LC (Damian), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:21 (seventeen years ago) link

Marr's solo in "Panic" (the second, short one) encapsulates/prefigures the Edge.

joseph cotten (joseph cotten), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:27 (seventeen years ago) link

he did an album with holger czukay and jaki liebezeit, right? that's something.

fo realz?

M@tt He1geson, Rendolent Ding-Dong (Matt Helgeson), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:28 (seventeen years ago) link

x-post "Prefigures" might be wrong - I'm hazy on the chronology here.

joseph cotten (joseph cotten), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:28 (seventeen years ago) link

x-post "Prefigures" might be wrong - I'm hazy on the chronology here.

jah dood U2 was way before the smiths!

M@tt He1geson, Rendolent Ding-Dong (Matt Helgeson), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:29 (seventeen years ago) link

Joshua, Much Agreed! the two newest mission of burma albums are incredible. It was much less like a reunion and much more like an extention of them as their 80s self. It just took 15 years for them to come back together to record. Amazing stuff.

Brooker, To say that The Edge influence shoegaze is blashphemis. I don't particularly see where you can make that connection. Shoegaze was a mix of The Beach Boys and Phil Spector and The Stooges and The Velvet Underground. Pop and Noise. JAMC does get credited with being the biggest influence on Shoegaze and I think that is appropriate, though early Sonic Youth and Dinosaur Jr. (Lou Barlow years) had a big influence on Shoegaze too.

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Monday, 10 July 2006 21:32 (seventeen years ago) link

rogermexico: well, depending on the band, i do think this is true.
but interpol specifically does sound like joy division.

No argument on Ipol - just one instance of a more pervasive phenomenon that probably deserves its own thread, like, "REM: hugely influenced by the Byrds but, hmmm... not by Tom Petty?"

one thing i never got was why no new indie rock band sounds like Mission of Burma

Sigh... I'm still waiting for the new indie rock band that sounds like the Furs...

rogermexico (rogermexico), Monday, 10 July 2006 22:34 (seventeen years ago) link

Rogermexico: yes there are definitely bands out there that flaunt their more obscure influences. no about that.

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Monday, 10 July 2006 22:50 (seventeen years ago) link

fo realz?

wait, it was czukay, the edge and jah wobble - snake charmer.

GOD PUNCH TO HAWKWIND (yournullfame), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 00:14 (seventeen years ago) link

versus sounded like mission of burma, but they're hardly new

Shoegaze was a mix of The Beach Boys and Phil Spector and The Stooges and The Velvet Underground. Pop and Noise.

man, is this ever garbage

electric sound of jim [and why not] (electricsound), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 00:24 (seventeen years ago) link

Bono's biggest influence is probably a Korg rack delay.

The Mad Puffin (The Mad Puffin), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 01:00 (seventeen years ago) link

jim: that's funny because Vs. was the name of the first MoB album. Coincidence? I think not.

as for the shoegaze garbage comment, that is what i hear when i listen to shoegaze, but maybe im wrong. though i doubt it.

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 01:00 (seventeen years ago) link

I roffled at him getting pushed offstage while singing 'Stand By Me' at Jazzfest.

Jordan (Jordan), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 01:22 (seventeen years ago) link

Pop Ryan,
Delay was the most integral effect in The Edge's signal chain. Virtually every guitar player marvelled at the stereo delay effects he achieved on The Unforgettable Fire and The Joshua Tree. He was one of the only guitar innovators (more for his use of effects) in the 1980s.

Delay was also an integral effect in the effect racks of virtually every shoegaze guitarist (save perhaps Kevin Shields). There aren't that many degrees of separation from The Edge to the use of effects on recordings by Slowdive or The Kitchens Of Distinction. See the logic here?

So where's the blasphemy?

Brooker Buckingham (Brooker B), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 03:01 (seventeen years ago) link

Shoegaze = sonic wash of heavily effected guitars

The Edge (w/Brian Eno/Daniel Lanois & Michael Brook) were progenitors of sonic wash.

And shoegaze was more immediately influenced by the likes of Sonic Youth and Dinosaur Jr. British bands invented shoegaze in emulation of those two acts, and yes, there's lots of VU-isms, JAMC, etc, but nowhere near as prevalent.

Brooker Buckingham (Brooker B), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 03:07 (seventeen years ago) link

"hell of a blues player"

I have read in an interview that The Edge wanted to start playing guitar because of Rory Gallagher, who was also the first rock artist he saw in concert. Probably not a big surpass considering the locale, but it is in there I suppose.

The Edge's sound before Flood and everything getting really dirty was dead on for Gilmour's on "Run Like Hell" which is also using the cascading echoplex delay. What is funny is that Gilmour pulled out that big cascading delay effect on Townshend's White City album and at least a couple of reviews noted the similarity to U2's sound.

I think you need to read between the influential lines. Probably half the time any indie guitarist starts going off about Eno's greatness, they are really just trying to shuffle off their teenage infatuation with U2.

Earl Nash (earlnash), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 03:18 (seventeen years ago) link

The Edge did use a lot of delay but not in same way that Kevin Shields and Co. did. There delay was to create layering over the intense amounts of fuzz, it was about a solid sonic texture.

The Edge used his as more of an effect used to suppliment his broken chord rhythmic style (which you can also see in some way in someone like Andy Summers).

I really like that style of guitar that The Edge played and I think it gave a lot of substance to guitarists we didn't play straight lead of straight chords, but im not convinced of the shoegaze argument.

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 03:48 (seventeen years ago) link

The Edge's sound before Flood and everything getting really dirty was dead on for Gilmour's on "Run Like Hell" which is also using the cascading echoplex delay.

"Bullet The Blue Sky" and "Silver And Gold" have some very Gilmour-like slide work in them too, reminiscent of what might be called the funky part of "Echoes".

LC (Damian), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 09:11 (seventeen years ago) link

**The Edge learned a few tricks from Stephen Fellows of The Comsat Angels, for certain**

Yes. Those harmonics!

I was about to say Gilmour, not so much for the slide work, but more the sustain-goes-on-forever and ever and... Sometimes he sort of starts a Gilmour-esque fill or solo (e.g that F#/long B bend at the start of the solo in 'Time') but doesn't carry on for more than a few notes.

I reckon he copped a bit from Skids-era Stuart Adamson, in fact he may have admitted that somewhere in print.

Dr.C (Dr.C), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 10:48 (seventeen years ago) link

Songs by recently popular or semi-popular bands with very blatant Edge influence:

Lightning Blue Eyes - Secret Machines
History - controller.controller
White Shadows - Coldplay (ok, most of X&Y)
Midnight Show - The Killers
This Town's Religion - Delays (Love Comes Tumbling?)
The whole debut album by The Departure (most blatantly, Talkshow)

BlastedShameful (BlastedShameful), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 12:06 (seventeen years ago) link

There was a joke after U2 and their effects went big in the 80's, that a dublin band had no trouble playing a gig if their guitarist broke his hand, but if he broke his foot they'd have to pack in a tour.
The idea that shoegaze was the bastard child of guitarists trying to sound like the Edge but with broken hands should be given more credence!

Major Alfonso (Major Alfonso), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 13:02 (seventeen years ago) link

Pop Ryan,
Shoegaze guitarists used Distotion and vintage Fuzz pedals to get their "intense amounts of fuzz", not Delay pedals.

You are missing salient points of my argument, and as well, I think you have a very limited idea of what sort of bands constituted the shoegaze scene back in the late 80s/early 90s.

Brooker Buckingham (Brooker B), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 13:19 (seventeen years ago) link

Brooker,

I understand that the distortion created the fuzz, but I was saying that the delay created the layers and the sonic texture.

My idea of shoegaze bands are My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, Ride.

Maybe I just can't hear it in The Edge's guitar for some reason. Who knows.

Pop Ryan (Rebelwordsmith), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 14:06 (seventeen years ago) link

"Cash or credit?"
It ain't like he needs more recognition than he's already got. I'd say he gets plenty of respect, even if implied.

Eff to tha dub (Francis Watlington), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 20:09 (seventeen years ago) link

BlastedShameful:
You nailed it with the Secret Machines song, although on much of the material from Now Here is Nowhere I'd say Benjamin Curtis' guitar tones come closer to the shoegazy feel of MBV.

Zachary Aaron Furste (z antics), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 22:04 (seventeen years ago) link

xxpost, I can hear it in Achtung Baby, but of course, that's already after the fact.

AaronK (AaronK), Tuesday, 11 July 2006 22:47 (seventeen years ago) link

two years pass...

lol @ the edge

i'm glad they like brass band music though.

Tracy Michael Jordan Catalano (Jordan), Monday, 23 February 2009 01:54 (fifteen years ago) link

two years pass...

http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-u2-compound-20110429,0,3246814.story

By Tony Barboza, Los Angeles Times
April 29, 2011

The state planning agency that oversees open space in the Santa Monica Mountains will drop its opposition to a controversial bid by U2 guitarist the Edge to build a compound of homes above Malibu in exchange for more than $1 million in funding, consulting services and dedicated open space from the musician and his partners.

In a deal with the rocker narrowly approved this week, the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy agreed to take a neutral position on the high-profile project in exchange for a $750,000 payment, $250,000 worth of work by a consultant who works for the musician, 97 acres of conservation easements, and development restrictions around the homes that would eventually allow a short length of trail to be built through a sliver of the property.

The Edge — a.k.a. David Evans — has been fighting for permits to build five mansions, including his own, on Sweetwater Mesa since 2006, when he and his wife bought the 156-acre property. But the project has been stymied by widespread opposition from conservation groups and the California Coastal Commission, which say it would scar an undeveloped ridgeline visible from much of the Malibu coastline and disturb geological features and sensitive habitat...

Critics characterized the deal as Evans buying the agency's silence.

"This would break up a large block of almost pristine wildlife habitat — one of the most impressive coastal-mountain interfaces in the country," said David Brown, a Sierra Club leader who sits on the conservancy's advisory board. "And though you're not really endorsing the project, you're withdrawing your objections to it, and it's not acceptable."

Ventura County Supervisor Linda Parks, one of two conservancy board members who voted against the deal, said she didn't want to lose the chance to throw the agency's weight against a project that is "so overwhelmingly against the principles of good planning and development."...

Edelman said that a representative for the Edge approached the conservancy last year and proposed a benefits package, and that the terms evolved over several months.

Don Schmitz, a Malibu-based development consultant who represents Evans, would provide $250,000 in trail design and acquisition services for the conservancy if the project was ultimately approved.

In a statement, Schmitz said the deal would expand public access to the area and "dedicate nearly 100 acres of the property owners' land to open space in perpetuity."

Evans' proposed compound ran into controversy earlier this year when the Coastal Commission accused him of trying to skirt environmental regulations by concealing who owns the property. The commission alleged that the musician and his associates attempted to make it more difficult for the agency to limit the number of homes on the site by presenting the project as five independently owned parcels instead of one coordinated project.

The commission holds final authority over the Edge's project and is scheduled to consider it as early as June.

Bee OK, Saturday, 30 April 2011 02:33 (twelve years ago) link

nagl Edgey

Johnny Fever, Saturday, 30 April 2011 02:43 (twelve years ago) link

jaysus

bell hops (Noodle Vague), Saturday, 30 April 2011 03:41 (twelve years ago) link

can't believe no one's linked it yet:

http://www.theonion.com/articles/the-edge-still-introducing-self-as-such,4879/

apparently he's perfectly fine with africans starving as well.

messiahwannabe, Saturday, 30 April 2011 09:17 (twelve years ago) link

That controversy always seemed to me the epitome of privileged Malibu NIMBY behavior. Like this one rock star millionaire mansion will somehow be the straw that breaks the camel's back in an area already practically dense with rock star mansions and vast estates.

Josh in Chicago, Saturday, 30 April 2011 12:54 (twelve years ago) link

He wants to add 5 mansions though; not just one.

curmudgeon, Saturday, 30 April 2011 17:26 (twelve years ago) link

The Edge — a.k.a. David Evans

I did not know this. I didn't care either, but it's still surprising to realise that I didn't know.

Antoine Bugleboy (Merdeyeux), Saturday, 30 April 2011 17:44 (twelve years ago) link

lol did you think his parents named him "The Edge"?

Johnny Fever, Saturday, 30 April 2011 17:51 (twelve years ago) link

Man, it would be worth having one kid named The Edge, Jr., just to have The Edge III.

more horses after the main event (Eazy), Saturday, 30 April 2011 18:46 (twelve years ago) link

He wants to add 5 mansions though; not just one.

Dude's property is 156 acres. I believe that's almost twice the size of Disneyland. He's got room for 5 mansions.

Josh in Chicago, Saturday, 30 April 2011 19:08 (twelve years ago) link

The idea is super-green mansions.

more horses after the main event (Eazy), Saturday, 30 April 2011 19:31 (twelve years ago) link

ha. If your surname is 'Edge' then why not name one of your kids 'The', eh?

(I mean that it's surprising I had never come across his real name, as that Onion piece notes he's done a remarkable job of making sure that he is forever known as The Edge and nothing but The Edge.)

Antoine Bugleboy (Merdeyeux), Saturday, 30 April 2011 20:01 (twelve years ago) link

I guess not everyone knows, but I was a bit of a U2 nerd in high school.

Bono's real name is Paul Hewson, btw.

Johnny Fever, Saturday, 30 April 2011 20:03 (twelve years ago) link

Yeah but what do they sign their checks?

Josh in Chicago, Saturday, 30 April 2011 21:06 (twelve years ago) link

adam clayton's real name is simply "Tower"

omar little, Saturday, 30 April 2011 21:36 (twelve years ago) link

So do you think his driver's license says "The Edge"?

earlnash, Sunday, 1 May 2011 17:36 (twelve years ago) link

Edge, The

EZ Snappin, Sunday, 1 May 2011 17:36 (twelve years ago) link

larry mullin jr.'s real name is "dolores"

m0stlyClean, Sunday, 1 May 2011 18:00 (twelve years ago) link

one month passes...

http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/06/the-edge-loses-coastal-commission-vote-8-4.html

"In 38 years of this commission's existence, this is is one of the three worst projects that I've seen in terms of environmental devastation," Peter Douglas, the agency's executive director, said. "It's a contradiction in terms -- you can't be serious about being an environmentalist and pick this location" given the effects on habitat, land formation, scenic views and water quality.

Bee OK, Friday, 17 June 2011 02:07 (twelve years ago) link

ha! good.

Alpaca Lips (Johnny Fever), Friday, 17 June 2011 02:09 (twelve years ago) link

this was surprising as i thought he would get his way.

score one for the good side.

Bee OK, Friday, 17 June 2011 03:48 (twelve years ago) link

hell of a blues player
― Mark (MarkR), Monday, July 10, 2006 7:11 AM (4 years ago) Bookmark

balls, Friday, 17 June 2011 04:41 (twelve years ago) link

Thank goodness the Malibu coast will not be sullied by the presence of large mansions.

Josh in Chicago, Friday, 17 June 2011 13:07 (twelve years ago) link

Evans' house is planned as a 12,785-square-foot contemporary abode, called "Leaves in the Wind," so named for the undulating green roof meant to emulate fluttering leaves.

Designer home! http://www.leavesinthewind.com/

Josh in Chicago, Friday, 17 June 2011 13:14 (twelve years ago) link

oh ffs

chupacabra - a delicious burrito (DJP), Friday, 17 June 2011 21:38 (twelve years ago) link

jaysus

it seems i am the larry (strongo hulkington's ghost dad), Friday, 17 June 2011 21:39 (twelve years ago) link

I wouldn't say the Edge has much influence on the shoegaze movement. He's much more in line with Michael Brook and Flood and Youth and other european production-oriented musicians than Ride or MBV or (early) Lush. Sure, with all the energy of U2, the Edge starts to seem a bit more like Kevin Shields, but I don't think that's a fair comparison to Shields' crazy genius.

Anyway, here's a great album by the Edge and Michael Brook, with Sinead O'Connor doing vocal work on the standout track. To me, this is more Edge than U2:

http://www.discogs.com/EdgeWith-Michael-Brook-Captive/master/33357

brizzle, Tuesday, 21 June 2011 01:48 (twelve years ago) link

one month passes...

just go away!:

http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/08/u2-rocker-the-edge-sues-coastal-panel-over-malibu-project.html

The action "denied [the owners] any economically viable use of their properties and will establish a sweeping new basis for denying other landowners the ability to use their properties in California," the landowners said in a statement.

Despite the Edge's assertion that the homes would meet the highest environmental standards and would be designed to minimize effects on views and natural resources, the project has sparked intense controversy. Critics say the project would destroy sensitive habitat and pave the way for more development.

Among other contentions, the owners say the commission's staff incorrectly claimed that the properties were under common ownership and therefore had to be considered as a single project. The suits assert that the properties are under separate ownership. Coastal commissioners stated at the June 16 hearing that the Edge had initially talked to them about his dreams for a sustainable, unified development.

Bee OK, Saturday, 13 August 2011 05:22 (twelve years ago) link

At this point I can only imagine he's suing since he's already made considerable investments in the project. Still, he's the fucking Edge. Go buy an island somewhere and so whatever you want with it. Erect giant statues of Bono to (further) confuse future humans/aliens.

Josh in Chicago, Saturday, 13 August 2011 12:36 (twelve years ago) link

four years pass...

http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-edge-malibu-20151210-story.html

U2 guitarist the Edge can go forward with building five homes on a rugged Malibu ridge after the California Coastal Commission unanimously approved his controversial project at its meeting in Monterey on Thursday.

Evans' architects made significant changes to the plan in order to win approval. As a result, the commission's staff recommended that the permits be granted.

Jack Ainsworth, the commission's senior deputy director, indicated that approval could have come more quickly.

"If they would have followed our direction 10 years ago, they'd be having Christmas dinner in their house," he said during the meeting.

The five homes that will be built — each more than 10,000 square feet in size, with its own swimming pool — now will be more tightly clustered together on a lower plateau. Their exterior colors have been planned to help them blend into the surroundings, with reduced visibility from below, and greater attention was given to reducing the destruction of sensitive habitat.

Evans also agreed to dedicate 140 acres of the property in the Sweetwater Mesa area of Malibu as open space, with a public hiking and equestrian easement linking to the Coastal Slope Trail.

The project still will need to go through additional permitting in the city of Malibu and Los Angeles County.

Heal the Bay, for instance, asked the commission in a letter to approve only one to three homes on the property.

"This development requires extensive and significant infrastructure, which would cause unmitigable impacts to a biologically sensitive area and our coastal zone environment," wrote Katherine Pease, a watershed scientist for the nonprofit environmental group.

Bee OK, Friday, 11 December 2015 02:35 (eight years ago) link

Please, all of u2, take your fortunes and fame and go away forever.

calstars, Friday, 11 December 2015 04:18 (eight years ago) link

He's still after that bullshit?

a silly gif of awkward larping (Sparkle Motion), Friday, 11 December 2015 04:19 (eight years ago) link

He could just build one house and process it through a few delay pedals.

Josh in Chicago, Friday, 11 December 2015 04:37 (eight years ago) link

"If they would have followed our direction 10 years ago, they'd be having Christmas dinner in their house,"

I'd imagine being Malibu's coastal commission senior deputy director probably gets to enjoy telling the rich and powerful to get bent.

earlnash, Friday, 11 December 2015 10:49 (eight years ago) link

5 houses but still no hair.

Anyway, it's not a three, it's a yogh. (Tom D.), Friday, 11 December 2015 10:55 (eight years ago) link

on a rugged Malibu riedge

fixed

StanM, Friday, 11 December 2015 11:33 (eight years ago) link

He could just build one house and process it through a few delay pedals.

― Josh in Chicago, Friday, December 11, 2015 4:37 AM (7 hours ago) Bookmark Flag Post Permalink

House music?

Mark G, Friday, 11 December 2015 11:52 (eight years ago) link

My wife - bless - just now found out that U2's guitarist is called "The Edge." She was suitably incensed, approx 35 years too late.

hardcore dilettante, Friday, 11 December 2015 12:34 (eight years ago) link

Must admit I watched some of the Paris show on HBO. I kept wondering how much of the ticket sales and U2 donations in general were going to help the families of the victims and to work with other worthy causes there. Probably not much.

Oh, the Edge still wears his winter hat all the time, and played some piano in addition to guitar. Bono was egocentric mostly, although they added video screen footage of locations hit by Isis, and let Eagles of Death Metal do 2 songs.

curmudgeon, Friday, 11 December 2015 16:14 (eight years ago) link

He should go back to the hunting cap with ear flaps or whatever he was wearing in the New Year's Day video.

Josh in Chicago, Friday, 11 December 2015 16:36 (eight years ago) link

one year passes...

Don't know how many years on but still bring the ROFLs...

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-5DU4_IFLgMY/VVYqz-I7spI/AAAAAAAAGQs/AxuBoUcuGlE/w640-h360/wY7Wu7f.gif

weird echo of the falsies (Tom D.), Wednesday, 28 June 2017 22:27 (six years ago) link

exactly

calstars, Thursday, 29 June 2017 01:14 (six years ago) link

three years pass...

https://i.imgur.com/6amJt5J.jpeg

Punster McPunisher, Friday, 8 January 2021 04:07 (three years ago) link

lol boston edge

Blues Guitar Solo Heatmap (Free Download) (upper mississippi sh@kedown), Friday, 8 January 2021 04:13 (three years ago) link

With Or Without Q

"what are you DOING to fleetwood mac??" (C. Grisso/McCain), Friday, 8 January 2021 04:25 (three years ago) link

lmao

brimstead, Friday, 8 January 2021 04:32 (three years ago) link

otm

Karl Malone, Friday, 8 January 2021 07:00 (three years ago) link

the master of echo chamber delay

Karl Malone, Friday, 8 January 2021 07:00 (three years ago) link


You must be logged in to post. Please either login here, or if you are not registered, you may register here.