RFI: Emperor (Norway)

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Norwegian death metal -- info please.

Dominique, Friday, 31 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Including side projects: Thou Shalt Suffer, Peccatum, more?

Dominique, Friday, 31 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Not death metal. Black metal. Since Varg Vikernes of Mayhem and Burzum went to prison (who would probably be making "dark-ambient" Viking music instead of metal anyway), Emperor have been the defacto black metal standard-bearers. They recently concluded their career with an album called Prometheus: the Discipline of Fire and Demise, whose title wishes it were more literate than it actually is, but whatever. It's great but the preceding IX Equilibrium is better, and plenty of people will tell you that In the Nightside Eclipse is better still. Their dedication to making metal songs that have nothing whatsoever with blues-based progressions has been quite impressive; they were one of the hardest-working metal bands around, always striving to outdo themselves. Like a lot of Norweigan metal bands, they may have nazi sympathies, so if you're someone who cares about that sort of thing, you might try to find their albums used or download them. In any case they're kinda the One Black Metal Band with whose work you have to be familiar if you want to get a bead on what black metal's all about.

I like 'em fine but am more partial to death metal along the lines of Kataklysm and Morbid Angel (two admittedly quite different bands).

John Darnielle, Friday, 31 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Siegbran to thread!

J Blount, Friday, 31 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

B-b-but I already bought IX Equilibrium, and new! (I had fun scanning the lyric sheet before listening, just to make sure I wasn't thinking "oh, that part was sweet" right when he was saying something like "the fair gods of the mountain hammer death upon the dark putrescence of the hordes...") (Not that he says that, or anything.)

Nicola Copernicus, Friday, 31 May 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

as far as i'm concerned, they're pretty damn overrated. "in the nightside eclipse" is okay, but i still can't remember more than one or two songs from it. too fast, too. the "hordanes' land" split between enslaved and emperor does it for me, with emperor being a little more naive sounding and fuzzed out.

as far as modern black metal goes, i reckon burzum is more important as an influence (both musically - there are hordes of bands whose worship is plain in their simplified, droning music - and in 'attitude').

your null fame, Saturday, 1 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Of course yer right about Burzum & their position. I just can't stand giving Vikernes any props for anything. Wot an ass he is. For me I am fonder of Finnish stuff (Horna! Impaled Nazarene!) because it's just way more tweaked, but Norway is the default Home of Black Metal and that's what the question was so there you go. If you're looking to branch out, the Clandestine Blaze label in Finland is so pure it'd burn if you set a match to it.

John Darnielle, Saturday, 1 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

This is strange.... it's the first time I've ever heard anyone give props to IX Equilibrium. As far as I'm concerned, that was their weakest album (save the fantastic "Elegy of Icaros)... I recommend "Anthems to the Welkin at Dusk" or maybe the newest album (Prometheus). I also really liked the album they did with Thorns which is how Industrial Metal should sound.

dog latin, Saturday, 1 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I just listened to Anthems yesterday. It was only the second time (strangely I didn't like it much the first listen) but it totally blew me away- very epic feel. Some jaded bastards probably hate it for that, but they can go to hell. Right now I'm listening to Cryptopsy for the first time- WOW.

John Dahlem, Saturday, 1 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Sorry the band name is Clandestine Blaze; the label is called, what else would it be called, "Northern Heritage." *sigh*

John Darnielle, Saturday, 1 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Apologies for trotting out such an old question, one which will probably peg me as a stinky moralist, but can you say that something like "This music is *good* and worth your attention, it's Nazi though, btw"? Is it enough to buy used? Isn't listening to it bad too? Uh-huh, I can always take a peep at my insubstantial Critic card, but I dunno. I'm struggling with this, since I don't think anyonce can be a disinterested/detached/ yaya listener. I do know that if some such destestable lyrics were in English, I could never get beyond them.

Jarren, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Note: I'm not going to mention the real names of the people involved - they chose to take pseudonyms so I'll let them. Until a few years ago, I was very impressed with this band.

Emperor came out of the ashes of (rather mediocre) Death Metal band Thou Shalt Suffer (members Ihsahn, Mortiis, Samoth, Ildjarn).Ihsahn, Samoth (these two are the core of the band), Mortiis and Faust were Emperor on their 1991 "Wrath Of The Tyrant" demo, the 1992 "As The Shadows Rise" 7" and the 1992 "Emperor" EP (released as split CD with fellow Norwegians Enslaved). These three releases are quite similar, primitive, fuzz-drenched, chaotic and complex vile black metal with some (rather badly done) synth parts. This showed much promise though, and with these releases they became very much the hype of the metal underground, and everyone was expecting their debut. This was recorded in 1993 with Tchort as bassist after Mortiis left metal altogether. With all the media attention after the whole Vikernes/Euronymous murder case and the crackdown on everyone related to Euronymous' record store and label, and Samoth, Tchort and Faust finding themselves incarcerated for either minor (church burning) or major (stabbing a homosexual man) offences, the debut "In The Nightside Eclipse" was only released two years later in 1995 and even considering the huge expectations/hype, it really did hit the scene like a bomb. For me too - in my opinion this is still the best synth-based black metal album ever. It is huge, epic, immersive, complex, coherent, well-played, well-written, melodic and 'naturally evil' (no forced pseudo-evil satanic silliness - darkness just permeates everything in this recording). In the years that followed, literally hundreds of bands tried to get as close to this sound as possible (with usually dreadful results, sadly).

Anyway, this was all recorded in the pre-media hype days, when bands could quietly concentrate on the music. When Samoth was released from jail in 1997, he and Ihsahn recruited two new members and went on as if nothing happened. But somehow the magic was gone (not only for Emperor - none of the pivotal bands from the 1990-1995 era ever managed to regain their original power - Burzum, Enslaved, Mayhem, Darkthrone, nor Immortal), and the role of "flag bearer of the Norwegian BM scene" was somehow thrust upon them by the mainstream media that discovered the thriving black metal scene following the murder case. Emperor never lived up to it. The 1997 "Anthems To The Welkin At Dusk" used the same approach as the debut, but was weaker in all aspects. Probably remembering their Death Metal past, they ambitiously tried to fuse clean, technical DM riffing and classic heavy metal vocals with their BM sound and image on the terribly inconsistent 1999 "IX Equilibrium". Undeterred, they went on to do more of this with their final overblown technical wank-fest "Prometheus" (2001).

Emperor split up last year, which was met with cheers from the metal underground, and laments from the mainstream press. Ihsahn now has an Yngwie Malmsteen-esque opera/metal side project with his wife and brother in law called Peccatum, while Samoth is fronting the industrial/death/black metal band Zyklon (="Cyclone"). Neither are any good, in case you wondered.

So as a recommendation: get "In The Nightside Eclipse", it's a genre classic. It's their "Dark Side Of The Moon", their "Reign In Blood", their "Substrata", their "Never Mind The Bollocks". Everything before is really only interesting for nostalgic reasons, and everything afterwards is lacking in songwriting quality and focus. If you're looking for this kind of well-played technical death metal with some black metal elements, there are many better albums elsewhere.

The only bad thing about ITNE is the reissue that's currently the only version available - it has two added covers (Bathory's "A Fine Day To Die" and Merciful Fate's "Gypsy") from later recordings as bonustracks, both are terrible and make an annoying finish to a well-selected tracklist. So try to obtain the original pressing if you can.

Siegbran Hetteson, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

No no the lyrics themselves aren't nazi stuff. They're standard wizard-on-a-hilltop black metal fare ("I return to the soaring cliffs/That truly shine of strength/Even though, I nothing learned/With strength I burn"). And in fairness I don't know that I've ever heard of Emperor's members ever being directly implicated in NS stuff. It's that the whole genre is suspect.

This thread has got me listening to "Anthems to the Welkin at Dusk" again, though...Christ it's good. "Ye Entracemperium" is totally definitive.

John Darnielle, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I was still writing while Sieg was giving a rather more detailed answer (though I can't agree with you about "Anthems," or "Prometheus" for that matter). And I must say that your use of the word "mainstream" above is quite, er, "cult" -- did I miss the Rolling Stone that gave a four-star review to "Prometheus"?

John Darnielle, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

No, but NME did have Vikernes on the front page + article in 1994, and black metal albums did appear now and then in the reviews section afterwards. In German and Dutch rock magazines the stuff was also featured. At least two TV documentaries were made, and black metal-related band Covenant was one of the nominated bands for the Norwegian Spellemansprisen (I'm sure I spelled that wrong) rock awards. The 'general' Metal mags like Aardschok, Kerrang, Metal Hammer etc also didn't really pay attention until these events. From the general worldwide rock press point of view the exposure wasn't that huge, but for the scene itself, which was largely based on small local scenes around the world: Singapore, Japan, Czechoslowakia, Poland, France, Norway, Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil...with at most a few dozen of people, connected by incidental tours, record labels, tape trading and postal correspondence (the pre-internet days!), even this modest amount of sudden attention and flood of recently converted fans proved quite a shock. A deadly shock even, because the scenes affected (especially the Norwegian one) never recovered. This cycle was repeated later with the 'discovery' of the German/Polish nazi-scene circa 1997. I haven't heard a decent band come out of that scene for years - that scene today is awash with children crying for attention and seeing music only as a political vehicle rather than the (admittedly rather opinioned) musicians seriously trying to convey a hateful atmosphere of a few years back. But so it goes, the cycle of emerging and declining musical movements...

Siegbran Hetteson, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

And some more info: somewhere along the lines, Ihsahn thought it a good idea to recycle the old Thou Shalt Suffer bandname for his own mega-ambitious neo-classical synth solo project. The first result "Somnium" (2000) could be described as "a nice try". Or as "the cure for insomnia".

Ihsahn seems to be trapped into overambition. He's a limited vocalist, a competent guitarist and reasonably good songwriter of epic metal. When he made the most of his limitations, his music worked. Now that he's working beyond his abilities the resulting music is somewhat annoying. From a musicians point of view, I can understand he's trying to expand his horizon. But the guy needs a critical editor...

Siegbran Hetteson, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Much thanks to everyone in this thread -- especially John and Siegbran. I have since downloaded "Prometheus", and will soon get "In The Nightside Eclipse". I must say that based on what I've heard so far, I'm pretty impressed. I've never been much into thrash metal, death metal, or really anything where they're slamming double- bass licks into my forehead. But at least after a few cursory listens, this stuff does seem to posess more than little "epic"-ness and drama. Being that I'm a hardcore Magma-file, operatic ambition in rock is right up my alley -- though I would have a hard time giving them props if they really were singing Nazi hymns. Anyway, thanks again.

dleone, Sunday, 2 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Just a thought: who cares about their ideology? Aren't burning churches and murder good reasons not to give them any money? People seem to be so worried about these guys beliefs that they overlook their actions. And church burning is a _minor_ offense?

John Dahlem, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Um I certainly care about ideology and I'll admitt that I hemmed about for a long bit before I decided to plop down money for a lot of the Norwegian Black Metal works (I'll use them as an example as they certainly aren't the only folks whose politics disturbs me) and in the end I've only been willing to buy most of the stuff I've bought because it's used. That said (excepting a few guys like Mr. Burzum who is a completely unrepentant idiot) I gotta chalk up a lot of the Norwegian Black Metal stuff to general youthful misanthropy and a lot of cultural backlach stuff (which I as a repressed American and not a repressed Norwegian don't quite get all of--Lords of Chaos is from my complete outsiders perspective an excellent resource for reading about this scene and the politics of Norway in general). That said despite everything that's been said and written about Emperor, I'm not really sure these guys are Nazis either (although I'm guessing probably have some Nazi sympathies) although this might just be me justifying my ownership of a couple of their albums (which of course they received no royalties for from anyway hahaha).

Anyway so I'm not a huge Norwegian Black Metal fan, meaning I own some dozen albums--certainly not a big collection by any stretch of the imagination. From what I've read the general divide is that casual fans of metal/prog all find Anthems and Nightside pretty equally terrific, the even earlier stuff raw, sporadically inventive but rather dull and the later stuff a bit too bombastic (although I do know a few people that think the last record Prometheus one of their best). This is pretty much my opinion. On the other hand, huge NBM and "serious" metal fans hold that all us non-"serious" metal fans are fools and that even Nightside is a bit of a sell-out and that the EPs and stuff done before Mortiis left are the only things worth owning (and they say the same thing about Satyricon, Enslaved, Darkthrone, etc--don't buy past X date as these bands began to suck/sell-out/lose inspiration/etc syndrome). These are definitely generalizations, but I'm guessing that if you're not one of the latter types (and I'm assuming anyone asking this question wouldn't be--your a hanger on/trainspotter like most of us are) you'll probably find Anthems (and maybe even Prometheus with its heavy prog/classical motifs) a fascinating and exhilirating listen.

Alex in SF, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

On the whole "serious" vs "nonserious" approach to Emperor: A lot has to do with the time you notice the band. The "Wrath of the Tyrant" demo was my first contact with the band, and it impressed because of the raw and primitive energy. Along the line, the band became ever more technically proficient and sophisticated, shedding more and more of the raw energy and dark atmosphere. A lot of people who liked the raw & primitive approach didn't like this direction at all. I think they were at their best halfway in the process with the debut (and Anthems, which is really very similar), because frankly, there are many better bands doing it the raw and primitive way, while Emperor turned into arguably the best of the third wave synth-based black metal.

It would've been interesting how Emperor would've sounded if they had kept the lo-fi fuzzy sound and raw energy of the demo/EP days. Probably a lot like Belkètre or Graveland's "The Celtic Winter".

And by the way, for those who like In The Nightside Eclipse, the 1996 album Nord by swedish Setherial is very much recommended. It's a near carbon copy of ITNE, it really sounds like a lost Emperor recording with the added bonus that it's even more energetic.

Siegbran Hetteson, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Worth noting I suppose that Mortiis (the original bassist of Emperor) has released quite a number of dark ambient albums which depending on your point-of-view are stunning moody soundscapes or droning ambient crap. I picked up the first one recently and I actually kind of dig of dig its creepy simplicity. It makes for an interesting late nite listen. Mortiis also runs around dressed as a troll looking vaguely like twisted monster from um I think Full Moons Rumpelstilskin (which is a laff riot by the way--especially the part where the beasty hijacks a truck). He might be more famous for this than anything else. Lately he's abandoned the droning soundscapes for a more darkwave/dance-pop sound (the little I've heard of this DID NOT inspire). I guess he counts as an Emperor side- project in a way, so I figured I'd mention him. Plus his ears are cute and apparently got STOLEN on his last tour.

Alex in SF, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I heard the whole ears/nose thing was actual plastic surgery.

Ned Raggett, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

...which apparently it isn't. But I have found these:

http://www.geocities.com/nailburn/offy.jpg

http://www.geocities.com/nailburn/levisshop.jpg

Ned Raggett, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Hm, how snitty. Just go here.

Ned Raggett, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Mortiis also released two (three?) other drone/ambient albums under his real name Vond. Especially Selvmord is quite interesting. The booklet pics don't leave much to the imagination as for the intentions of the album: http://www.mortiis.com/gallery/26.jpghttp://www.mortiis.com/gallery/27.jpg

Siegbran Hetteson, Monday, 3 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

There's some imaginative things going on in that scene, but don't you just want to go up to these guys give them a good shaking and yell GROW UP! Will you look at yourselves! you're twenty seven and you're talking shite!

Also, why is it called black metal? I dont see any black people doing it.

marinecreature, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Black as in black magic.

John Dahlem, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

don't you just want to go up to these guys give them a good shaking and yell GROW UP!

That's exactly what ended the creative peaks in black metal (first wave '84-'87, second wave '89-'93, third wave '94-'96) - the people involved grew up and started to think too much about what they were doing instead of just doing it. Idem with any genre, for that matter. Drum 'n Bass spiralled into mediocrity once the people in the scene 'grew up'. Punk was best in its most idiotic, naive, black/white sloganist anti-society phase. Such bands/artists were innovative and exciting just because they were idealists, extremists, purists, juvenile demolishers, idiots savant.

And Black Metal, as in dark, occult, negative.

Siegbran Hetteson, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Sieg I think you're right on the money about this -- do you think the same holds true for death metal? I ask because while the early flourishing was the most exciting time, the present near-stagnation creatively is producing to my ears some of the best records. The one Kataklysm put out last year, say. Or if that's too wussy-melodic, the second Decapitated album. I mean all the conventions of the genre are reified so nothing leaps from the speakers like a new creature feeding off its own afterbirth but aren't some of the bands now making better music?

John Darnielle, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I disagree about punk (and I'm not sure dance music works on the same axis as any rock based genre). Punk was best when it began to get smarter and more expansive, pulling from other genres and becaming richer in its sound and politics (i.e. '79 is a better year for punk than '77, I'll take PIL and Gang of Four over the Sex Pistols and the Damned, etc).

Alex in SF, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Yes 79>77 Alex but neither GoF nor PiL are punk really I don't think. I mean there are still lotsa punk bands around at that time, none of which sound like that.

John Darnielle, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

Yeah, I've heard that argument (re: PIL and Go4 not punx--I'm not sure I agree, but that's sort of beside the point). I guess what I'm saying is that the initial spurt of creativity in a genre has passed doesn't necessarilly automatically result in some sort of creative dead end (a la the metal argument).

Alex in SF, Tuesday, 4 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

what I'm saying is that the initial spurt of creativity in a genre has passed doesn't necessarilly automatically result in some sort of creative dead end (a la the metal argument).

No, but to inject new creativity into a genre it usually takes a new wave of (again, juveline/uncompromising/'naive') bands. The occurence of a major creative resurgence of a genre kickstarted by bands who are already 5+ years in the game is very rare...

This is why I don't expect Shy FX/Goldie/Bukem/Aphrodite to initiate a 'revival' of D'n B, or Paul van Dyk/Paul Oakenfold/Ferry Corsten to lead a new age of Trance, or Portishead/Tricky/Massive Attack to revitalise Triphop.

Siegbran Hetteson, Wednesday, 5 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

What abt Miles Davis?

Andrew L, Wednesday, 5 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I don't know about revitalizing a "genre", but I would not be surprised if Portishead or Massive Attack (or Enslaved or whomever) continue record interesting music which transcends the strict confines of their genre (some people might argue that Massive Attack already has). Artists DO continue to record good albums even after having been around for 5 years and can, in that time, take fascinating musical pathways previously unimagined by their initially strict genre roadmap.

Alex in SF, Wednesday, 5 June 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

one month passes...
I'm pretty well convinced that Immortal's "Sons of Northern Darkness" is the best metal album that will be released this year.

OK. Lemme step back from that a bit.

1. I have yet to hear the new Today is the Day album that has yet to be released on Relapse.

2. The Mastadon album is giving the Immortal record a rather serious run for its money, as is Electric Wizard's "Let Us Prey," a meta album title so good it's flat out amazing it's taken humans until the 21ST CENTURY to name a metal album that. (Electric Wizard are really ,really good at this naming metal albums thing. "Come My Fanatics" and "Dopethrone" are also great, great album names.)

3. But I digress; nothing in points 1 or 2 has anything to do with black metal. Immortal is a well known black metal act. Their early records, such as "Battles in the North" and "Blizzard Beasts" are as genre-defining as Emperor, in my opinion. The new one "Sons..." is just fantastic. When it's one, you will feel like Hannibal leading elephants or something.

4. Emperor is indeed an excellent band. But the Nazi thing...one of the fellows in the now-defunt Emperor named his new band Zyklon, which is just fucking rude.

Joe Gross, Monday, 8 July 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

one of the fellows in the now-defunt Emperor named his new band Zyklon, which is just fucking rude.

Zyklon = Cyclone

There *was* a one-off project Zyklon B eight years ago which featured the two main Emperor members, but this was a concept album ("Blood Must Be Shed") about blatant glorification of war/mass destruction in general, which used a nuclear explosion on the cover and quotes of serial killers as lyrics. Apart from the project name it would be difficult to see anything specifically "Nazi" about it - which in general makes me wonder why Emperor are seen as a Nazi band. The two main members have quite clearly denied this, and nowhere on any Emperor album do nazi references pop up, let alone anything pro-Nazi. I mean, there are quite a few Nazi/extreme rightwing bands walking around (mainly in the German/Polish scene), but even most of them are using it mainly as metaphor rather than ideology. Is it merely a knee-jerk reaction ("hey, these guys have a battleship on the cover => nasty nazis!"), or is it just a generalization?

Siegbran Hetteson, Tuesday, 9 July 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

but even most of them are using it mainly as metaphor rather than ideology

I don't think this is really accurate - as a metaphor for what? General misanthropy? The entire genre of NSBM certainly isn't metaphorical. Also, why pick the German word for "cyclone"? In order to reference Zyklon B, I think, pretty clearly.

John Darnielle, Tuesday, 9 July 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

I don't think this is really accurate - as a metaphor for what? General misanthropy?

At least partially. As a metaphor for evil/death/destruction/hatred. None of these bands are *really* interested in the "positivist" side of Nazism (environmentalism, protestant family values, etc), they focus on *current* society's view of Nazism as The Ultimate Evil. It's not about the ideology itself but its symbolic value. Because at this stage, satanism as metaphor is no longer very effective due to its overuse (and of course, Marilyn Manson has made this *extremely* silly). There are few more effective ways to convey a message of misanthropy/hatred than throwing around symbolism of that darkest age in modern history...

Also, I noticed some people use it as some sort of a symbol of defiance against the big label/commercialization of the genre. No major/semi-major label will ever sign these bands, and that is a source of pride for some.

Siegbran Hetteson, Tuesday, 9 July 2002 00:00 (twenty-one years ago) link

six years pass...

i grew up just outside of tampa florida, and spent my formative years during the peak and wane of the death metal phenomenon. the brass mug, ace's records, the asylum in st pete ... all staples, all good times. then came black metal, which i love but don't have the exact same connection to due to mainly nostalgic reasons.

the first black metal record i heard was In the Nightside Eclipse, and i've never liked it. the thing is, i really, really like black metal, and i have for years. geez, i dunno. that was probably 1995 or something? so 13 years later i still like black metal, and i STILL don't like Emperor.

am i missing something?!

Cameron Octigan, Thursday, 29 January 2009 18:58 (fifteen years ago) link

five years pass...

really digging the latest reissue/remaster of Nightside. much better than the one from 1999.

Neanderthal, Sunday, 6 July 2014 16:23 (nine years ago) link

http://concert.arte.tv/fr/emperor-au-hellfest

StanM, Sunday, 6 July 2014 21:30 (nine years ago) link

I've now received that 20th Anniversary Edition thing, I should do a 4-way listening test between these two versions and my original and the 1999 remaster (I need to dig those up from the basement). But at first listen the Alternate Mix doesn't actually sound that different - not in the way that for example the remastered/remixed "Individual Thought Patterns" does.

Siegbran, Monday, 7 July 2014 12:07 (nine years ago) link


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